26
November
2009
Fossil fuels are fuels that are formed by natural gases. Petroleum, called black oil, is one of fuel. It is natural and flammable liquid. Unlike other minerals, petroleum, or black oil, usually found in conjunction with natural gas under pressure. [1] Sometimes, it is found in oil sands. [2] People dig sands deeply for petroleum.
Petroleum, or black oil, can be split into not only simpler but also more useful mixtures by fractional distillation. This process is called oil refining. Crude oil is one example of separated mixture by distillation. It is separated to give separate chemicals such as gasoline for cars and some resources for transportations. Crude oil is dark brownish color.
Picture is from http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~huskey/images/fractional_distillation.jpg
This picture is about fractional distillation.
1. http://www.questia.com/read/9990987?title=The%20American%20Petroleum%20Industry%3a%20The%20Age%20of%20Illumination%2c%201859-1899
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum
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15
November
2009
Two good points:
- Pigs’ organs are similar in size and other aspects of biology to humans, they have been seen as a potential source of organs and tissue for transplant into people. [1]
- Humans’ organ donations are limited. [2]
Two counter points:
- Rejections occur. [2]
- Killing pigs can be the another big problem.
I agree with the statement that is saying pig farms should be used to grow organs and tissues for transplantation. As our countries more developed, many diseases are formed. Some diseases demand for new organs, because theirs’ are not functioning well. At first time, people could solve it, by getting organs of people who died by accidents. However, as time spent, doctors and scientists found out those humans’ organs are limited. Not all people are donating their organs also some dead humans’ organs are destroyed or not functioning well, too. Because of this problem, only few of people survived and many people died. So, scientists searched for new way to cure those people who needs new organs: TRANSPLANT FARMS. First, many people thought it would not be possible but it was successful. Scientist put human cells into pigs’ embryo cells. Then, human body did not reject those pigs’ organs. Thankful to this success, we could cure a lot of patients and could give new lives to people who needed the hope.
Despite all these surviving, some of people do not like this solution and opposing it. The main reason that they are rejecting pig farms are the viruses. Pigs carry a lot of diseases and if humans get those organs, their offspring will also get diseases. I know pigs carry these viruses and I am not ignoring this fact. However, because we are afraid of getting sick again, we can not give up our new hope. At least, we should try to have the new life.
I strongly believe that pig farms have to be used to raise organs and tissues for transplantation. There are two main reasons: pigs’ organs are most favored to humans and humans’ organs’ numbers are limited. Did you know that pigs’ organs are the most apt organ to humans? According to the research, pig’s organs are very similar in size and biology to humans. If the first solution does not work, we should try second solution. And I believe that the pig farm is the second solution. Also, humans’ organs’ numbers are limited, however, pigs’ organ’s numbers are not as limited as humans’. We can get more and faster of those pigs than those humans. So, I really agree with this statement.
1. http://www.rense.com/general3/organ.htm
2. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/organfarm/etc/faqs.html
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8
October
2009
Twins are two babies from only one mother at the same day of birth. [1] Twins can born in two possible ways. One way is that only one egg fertilizes and later splits into an identical twin. The other way is that two eggs are release and met one sperm: this gives a non-identical twin. Generally, a third of twins are identical twins and second-third of twins are non-identical twins.
Non-identical twins are become pregnant with at the same time. Rarely, in this type, the twins can have different fathers. [2] First, one egg meet with one sperm and they fertilize. Later, one sperm met the fertilized cell, so one egg meets two sperms. So, this make the twins can have two different fathers but one same mother. Non-identical twins share only half of their genes, so their faces can might be very similar or very different.
Identical twins are formed by splitting eggs. They split for no reason. But when they split, they share exact same genes. Based on today’s research, the egg splits because of the ovulation-including drug, the treatment can cause more splitting system. [3]
We can determine twins whether they are identical or non-identical by number of the placenta. If they have only one placenta, they are identical twins. If they have two divided placenta, they are non-identical twins.
[1]http://www.babyworld.co.uk/information/pregnancy/twins/why_twins_identical.asp
[2]http://www.babyworld.co.uk/information/pregnancy/twins/why_twins_identical.asp
[3]http://www.babyworld.co.uk/information/pregnancy/twins/why_twins_identical.asp
Pictures: http://pregnancy.about.com/cs/twinsmore/a/twinbasics.htm
http://www.pregnancy-bliss.co.uk/howtwinsoccur.html
Figure 1
- four kinds of twins
Figure 2
- Twins with two different sacs and separated placentas.
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30
September
2009
Today, many people are arguing about the topic whether stem cell research is good or not. Those who think that we can not kill one’s life for others’ lives might say that stem cell research is not good. However, I think sperm cell is good for two major reasons: to save many peoples’ lives and to not make aborted babies’ lives unworthy.
First of all, if the stem cell research proceeds, many diseases can be cured. Now, many people are suffering from diseases that can not be cured. However, if we can start the stem cell research, we can save a lot of people who are suffering from many kinds of diseases: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer, heart disease, spinal cord injuries, replace destroyed organs, and reduce the risk of transplantation. If we can cure these diseases, almost half of world’s population will increase. Also, if we keep the stem cell research working, we could know better about humans’ bodies. If we can know better about human bodies, we can also make good medicines or helpful medicines for human bodies. So, the stem cell research will give a huge benefit to the medical improvement.
Second, these days many young mothers kill their babies because they are too young or too poor to have one. Doctors do not have the right to not kill the babies, if the mothers want to they should follow women’s words. Then, anyway the babies will die so poorly. But what if we make the babies’ deaths more valuable? The babies die without doing something or living the life. But if we use babies’ stem cells to cure somebody, it will not make poor young lives unworthy. Therefore, I think the stem research is good.
For these two reasons, I think the stem cell research is useful. However, I think it is not the best idea. I know that we can save a lot of people who are suffering from many kinds of diseases. However, to save some humans we are killing other humans. If we use aborted babies to the research, young mothers will not really feel sorry for their babies, anymore. In my point of view, the stem cell research is useful, but not the best way to make the world develop.
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23
September
2009
Frits Zernike
Frits Zernike was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands on July 16th, 1888. [1] Carl Frederick August Zernike’s, who was math teacher and a head of a primary school in Amsterdam, second son of six children. Frits Zernike was influenced a lot by his father. His father had a lot of interest in Science, so he produced a series of elementary books. Also, he had an article about his credit. Actually, it was not only his father that influenced him: his mother and brother. His mother, Antje Dieperink, was also the mathematics teacher. One of his brother was a physics professor.
From 1938 to 1948, he solved the problem of the influence of lens aberrations on the diffraction pattern at a focus. At first, his discovery of the phase-contrast phenomenon did not really capture the attentions from the public. However, after the coopration with German C. Zeiss, people started to have attentions on his work. Later, his work was recognized by the Royal Microscopical Society for making the phase-contrast microscope. Also, he was awarded the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society and an honorary doctorate in Medicine from the University of Amsterdam. At the last, he got Novel Prize for the formation of phase-contrast microscope. Frits Zernike’s discovery also helped coherence theory’s formation. [2]
1.http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1953/zernike-bio.html
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frits_Zernike
Picture: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1953/zernike-bio.html
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29
September
2008
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